November 2009 - FreeSWITCH-users - FreeSWITCH Mailing Lists

Re: [Freeswitch-users] mod_flite sound profiles
by Brian West 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

You don't have to buy the SDK... I have had it sent to everyone that has asked me for it... the address is on the wiki for who to contact. If you were using linux the SDK is included already. /b On Nov 23, 2009, at 12:09 PM, Malay Thakershi wrote: > I am not using Linux. I am using Windows 2008 server. > > Malay Thakershi

2 1

Re: [Freeswitch-users] mod_flite sound profiles
by Brian West 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

If you're on linux the SDK comes with the voices. /b On Nov 23, 2009, at 10:07 AM, Malay Thakershi wrote: > Ok. I understand that. > > It would be great if someone can help me figure out: > 1. Why mod_flite is not changing to the female voice even > though I tried switching all 4 profiles it provides? > 2. I would be alright for purchasing Cepstral for its quality. > But FS doesn’t come with it compiled I guess (it says swift.dll > required when I enabled it in the config file). I asked Cepstral > support but they say I have to purchase their SDK (no trial > available) even though I just need it to compile it with FS. I > understand I will be purchase the voices but how can I get Cepstral > DLLs without purchasing the SDK. > > Thank you for help. > > > Malay Thakershi

2 1

NAT problem
by Jonas Gauffin 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

Hello I got the following setup: Phones -> FreeSwitch -> NAT -> Internet -> Gateway And I'm struggling to get NAT working properly. I'm running freeswitch with the "-nonat" option and have tried different ext-rtp-ip/ext-sip-ip combinations in external/internal profiles. The From header seems to be correct while contact header and SDP uses local ip? Please help me configure everything correctly. Currently I have this setup: API CALL [sofia(status profile external)] output: ======================================================== Name external Domain Name N/A Context public Challenge Realm auto_to RTP-IP 192.168.1.110 Ext-RTP-IP 85.89.XX.XX SIP-IP 192.168.1.110 Ext-SIP-IP 85.89.XX.XX OUTBOUND-PROXY N/A PROXY-MEDIA false AGGRESSIVENAT false STUN-ENABLED true STUN-AUTO-DISABLE false API CALL [sofia(status profile default)] output: ======================================================== Name default Domain Name N/A Alias Of internal Context public Challenge Realm auto_from RTP-IP 192.168.1.110 Ext-RTP-IP 85.89.XX.XX SIP-IP 192.168.1.110 OUTBOUND-PROXY N/A PROXY-MEDIA false AGGRESSIVENAT false STUN-ENABLED false STUN-AUTO-DISABLE false Sample phone registration: Call-ID: Xmbw9PyQ5Q6L2MnQ(a)192.168.1.121 User: u1000009@default Contact: "u1000009" <sip:u1000009@192.168.1.121:6094> Agent: IP PHONE 3 V1.58.004 CFG0 Status: Registered(UDP)(unknown) EXP(2009-11-23 19:26:40) Host: jonas-PC IP: 192.168.1.121 Port: 6094 Auth-User: u1000009 Auth-Realm: default MWI-Account: u1000009@default Outbound INVITE: send 1122 bytes to udp/[62.80.XX.XX]:5060 at 17:05:01.740000: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVITE sip:0706930XXX@sipgw2.XXXXX.se <sip%3A0706930XXX(a)sipgw2.XXXXX.se>SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.1.110;rport;branch=z9hG4bKB72B75aKmSyBp Max-Forwards: 69 From: "KundtjÃ¤nst Arne" <sip:0500650XXX@85.89.XX.XX>;tag=B7pve7F6eeH7c To: <sip:0706930821@sipgw2.XXXXX.se <sip%3A0706930821(a)sipgw2.XXXXX.se>> Call-ID: 2dcead20-52f5-122d-d3a1-77ca4f97ec23 CSeq: 123379614 INVITE Contact: <sip:mod_sofia@192.168.1.110:5060> Call-Info: <answer-after=400> User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-UNKNOWN Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, UPDATE, INFO, REGISTER, REFER, NOTIFY Supported: timer, precondition, path, replaces Allow-Events: talk, refer Content-Type: application/sdp Content-Disposition: session Content-Length: 293 X-FS-Support: update_display Remote-Party-ID: "KundtjÃ¤nst Arne" <sip:0500650XXX@85.89.XX.XX >;party=calling;screen=yes;privacy=off v=0 o=FreeSWITCH 1258970915 1258970916 IN IP4 192.168.1.110 s=FreeSWITCH c=IN IP4 192.168.1.110 t=0 0 m=audio 24986 RTP/AVP 0 8 3 101 13 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000 a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000 a=rtpmap:3 GSM/8000 a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000 a=fmtp:101 0-16 a=rtpmap:13 CN/8000 a=ptime:20 Many thanks, Jonas

2 5

IP0010 SIP Phone
by David V. Fansler 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

After the help of a couple of people from this list, I now have FreeSWITCH running - yeah! I have installed X-Lite on a couple of computers and they dial each other, play music on hold, etc. I have not yet connected to the outside world. I purchased an IP-0010 phone off eBay ($20 including shipping - docs at http://www.vanaccess.com/news/news_images/2007131_73_User%20Manual%20-%20IP…) I cannot get this phone to work with the system. It gets an IP address, time/date, and a dial tone. After many tries with the http congifuration tool, I got the phone "configured" with the address of the SIP server, and a SIP User ID. When you dial an extension the FreeSWITCH window shows the following: sofica.c3844 Hanugup sofia/internal/101(a)192.168.1.165 [CS_NEW] [INCOMPATIBLE_DESTINATION] switch_core_session.c1139 Session 20 (sofia/internal/101(a)192.165.1.65) Ended switch_core_session.c1141 Close Channel sofia/internal/1001(a)192.168.1.165 [CS_DESTROY] Has anyone else tried this phone, or does anyone have suggestions I could try. I have looked through the website but have not found anything to help. Thanks, David David V. Fansler S/V Annabelle www.dv-fansler.com dfansler(a)dv-fansler.com

2 1

Server give-away
by Michael Shepet 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

We at Swifcore Technologies, a telephony and server management team, would like your help in reviewing our latest product. We have created a hosting platform around the FreeSWITCH engine (for obvious reasons of stability and extensibility) and would like your feedback so we continue to improve our service. To facilitate this, we are giving away ten (10) hosting packages (pre-configured with latest FreeSWITCH compiled trunk) along with a web diagnostic dashboard for a free 60 day trial, no strings attached (or credit card required)! Each private server comes with CentOS 5.4 64-bit, 512MB RAM, its own public IP (no NAT problems), a shared test DID number, 100 minutes/month call credit, and ssh access. All you have to do is tell us why you love FreeSWITCH and something creative you have done or plan on doing with it. The 10 best responses will be awarded servers. If you are interested, email your response to giveaway(a)swifcore.com. You can also go to http://www.swifcore.com/products/myswitch for more product details. Thank you! Michael

1 0

SIP Digest nonce (stale="true")
by Nameer Kazzaz 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

Hi Anthony, I'm having an issue with a gateway after the nonce-ttl expires we are sending stale="true", the cpe some how only likes stale=true without the "". I see on rev 15441 <http://fisheye.freeswitch.org/browse/FreeSWITCH/src/mod/endpoints/mod_sofia…> you made a change and marked it out. So my question is who is correct on this is it the CPE or are we sticking with the quoted ("true"). Thanks Nameer Kazzaz

2 3

FS compile error under Windows: error LNK2019
by 大泥人 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

All, I tried to compile FS source code under Windows while there are lots of errors: Error LNK2019, external _imp_sleep@4 can not be resolved, this function was referred by _tMCRTStartup. Some other more similiar errors detail information attached. Any ideas? Thanks Daniel Zeng From: freeswitch-users-request(a)lists.freeswitch.org Subject: FreeSWITCH-users Digest, Vol 41, Issue 146 To: freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org Date: Sun, 22 Nov 2009 11:37:32 -0800 Send FreeSWITCH-users mailing list submissions to freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/listinfo/freeswitch-users or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to freeswitch-users-request(a)lists.freeswitch.org You can reach the person managing the list at freeswitch-users-owner(a)lists.freeswitch.org When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than "Re: Contents of FreeSWITCH-users digest..." --附转发的邮件-- From: mattdfong(a)gmail.com To: freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org Date: Mon, 23 Nov 2009 01:48:50 +0700 Subject: [Freeswitch-users] Recording with Native File PCMU I'm trying to conserve processor power by recording in native file format, PCMU in my case. It works great with the following line session:execute("record", "/tmp/my_recording."..session:getVariable("read_codec")); however it fails to work with session:execute("record_session", "/tmp/my_recording."..session:getVariable("read_codec")); or record = api:execute("sched_api", '+1 none uuid_record '..session:getVariable("uuid")..' start /tmp/my_recording.'..session:getVariable("read_codec")); Why is it that it works with record, but not with record_session or uuid_record? Is there something I'm over looking? In the latter two the consul reports 2009-11-22 18:39:04.265284 [INFO] mod_native_file.c:82 Opening File [/tmp/my_recording.PCMU] 8000hz as if it's recording, but /tmp/my_recording.PCMU never shows up. However if I change it to .wav instead of .PCMU it works. Any ideas? --matt --附转发的邮件-- From: achaloyan(a)yahoo.com To: freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org Date: Sun, 22 Nov 2009 11:03:36 -0800 Subject: Re: [Freeswitch-users] need help !! Problem with freeswitch & uniMRCP Mike, >Jira is the best, otherwise just mail me the patch and I'll take a look. I've uploaded the patch against svn trunk to http://jira.freeswitch.org/browse/MODUNIMRCP-6 it's made for win32 debug only yet. >Can you take a look at my last patch to the module to make it build please. I see. I've not noticed this change introduces API change, makes no sense to me now. I'll provide more convenient solution soon. Arsen. From: Michael Jerris <mike(a)jerris.com> To: "freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org" <freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org> Sent: Sun, November 22, 2009 10:20:17 PM Subject: Re: [Freeswitch-users] need help !! Problem with freeswitch & uniMRCP Jira is the best, otherwise just mail me the patch and I'll take a look. Also, I just synced lib up to current trunk. Can you take a look at my last patch to the module to make it build please. Mike On Nov 22, 2009, at 1:02 PM, Arsen Chaloyan <achaloyan(a)yahoo.com> wrote: We discussed build integration related issues a few months ago with Mike and seemed to find a solution which would work for both UniMRCP and FreeSWITCH source trees. Now I've just got a chance to look into this a bit closer trying to further complete VS2008 build integration in FreeSWITCH. So I've got it working, the module is not only being built, but also is getting loaded. Current build integration is not as seamless as I want it to be, but probably we can start with what we have now and then discuss and identify what can be done in the future. This concerns not only build integration but overall integrity. So would you be interested in the patch? Where should I upload it? I thought I had a Jira account, but not sure it exists any more. -- Arsen Chaloyan The author of UniMRCP http://www.unimrcp.org From: Jeff Lenk <jlenk(a)frontiernet.net> To: freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org Sent: Fri, November 20, 2009 7:59:28 PM Subject: Re: [Freeswitch-users] need help !! Problem with freeswitch & uniMRCP That module is not currently being built for Windows. Also the library unimrcp needs build integration work with FS to make that happen under windows. ss1 wrote: > > Hi Everyone, > > Please help freeswitch experts... !!! > > i have been working on freeswitch from last 2 days. i have downloaded > freeswitch and unimrcp (server + client) for windows. > I tested the unimrcp client and server, which is running fine with the > command: run synth and run recog. I got both synth.pcm & recog.pcm files. > > But my objective is to call Freeswitch through x-lite, where freeswitch > should call unimrcp client and return the PCM files. > > I tried it alot, but unable to do it. after lots of reading i found that i > do not have mod_unimrcp. i do not know from where to download it and how > to merge it into freeswitch. > > I would be very thankful if you may help. > > Thanks, > ss > > -- View this message in context: http://n2.nabble.com/need-help-Problem-with-freeswitch-uniMRCP-tp4031590p40… Sent from the freeswitch-users mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ FreeSWITCH-users mailing list FreeSWITCH-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/listinfo/freeswitch-users UNSUBSCRIBE:http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/options/freeswitch-users http://www.freeswitch.org _______________________________________________ FreeSWITCH-users mailing list FreeSWITCH-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/listinfo/freeswitch-users UNSUBSCRIBE:http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/options/freeswitch-users http://www.freeswitch.org --附转发的邮件-- From: Prometheus001(a)gmx.net To: freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org Date: Sun, 22 Nov 2009 20:27:20 +0100 Subject: Re: [Freeswitch-users] Problems with Voicemail I now created a file inbox.PCMA and get the following: * inbox.PCMA is played * the recorded voive mail file is not played (FS does not even try to do that) * then I hear o "to listen to the recording press 1" o "to save the recording press 2" o ... Here's the debug output 2009-11-22 20:17:43.701098 [DEBUG] switch_core_io.c:660 sofia/internal/200(a)sip1.mydomain.com receive message [TRANSCODING_NECESSARY] 2009-11-22 20:17:44.278600 [DEBUG] switch_ivr_play_say.c:1428 done playing file 2009-11-22 20:17:44.386776 [INFO] mod_native_file.c:82 Opening File [/usr/local/freeswitch/sounds/en/us/callie/inbox.PCMA] 8000hz 2009-11-22 20:17:45.201099 [DEBUG] switch_ivr_play_say.c:1428 done playing file 2009-11-22 20:17:45.201099 [DEBUG] switch_ivr_play_say.c:118 No language specified - Using [en] 2009-11-22 20:17:45.201099 [DEBUG] switch_ivr_play_say.c:273 Handle play-file:[voicemail/vm-listen_to_recording.wav] (en:en) 2009-11-22 20:17:45.201099 [DEBUG] switch_ivr_play_say.c:1136 Codec Activated L16@8000hz 1 channels 20ms 2009-11-22 20:17:45.201099 [DEBUG] switch_core_io.c:660 sofia/internal/200(a)sip1.mydomain.com receive message [TRANSCODING_NECESSARY] 2009-11-22 20:17:46.419933 [DEBUG] switch_ivr_play_say.c:1428 done playing file nGrepping port 3306 I can see that the correct filenames are retrieved from the mysql/odbc database: 1258894746.0.200.sip1.mydomain.com$d11c2a74-d766-11de-997b-bd7aecdc2a16.Gor Nico.061035013113.inboxq/usr/local/freeswitch/storage/voicemail/default/sip… 1258897120.0.200.sip1.mydomain.com$580dafee-d76c-11de-84d4-a1cd7fa320b3.Gor Nico.061035013113.inboxq/usr/local/freeswitch/storage/voicemail/default/sip…......... Both filenames can be read. Best regards Peter Peter P GMX schrieb: > I installed all sounds from SVN, but > > usr/local/freeswitch/sounds/en/us/callie/inbox.PCMA > > isn't there. I checked another, older installation and couldn't this > file either. > > I think that freeswitch tries to build a sound path for the file to be > played, and some parts of the path are missing. > I expect it would play a recorded message at that time in > /usr/local/freeswitch/storage/voicemail/default/${domain} and the > defined format is "wav" not pcma. > > I also set "storage_dir" explicitely in the voicemail configs,but this > also didn't help. > > Best regards > Peter > > > Brian West schrieb: > >> I'm going to venture to guess maybe the file was recorded in a >> different codec and NOT pcma? >> >> /b >> >> On Nov 20, 2009, at 6:56 PM, Peter P GMX wrote: >> >> >> >>> 2009-11-20 23:16:53.592349 [ERR] mod_native_file.c:68 Error opening / >>> usr/local/freeswitch/sounds/en/us/callie/inbox.PCMA >>> >>> >> _______________________________________________ >> FreeSWITCH-users mailing list >> FreeSWITCH-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org >> http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/listinfo/freeswitch-users >> UNSUBSCRIBE:http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/options/freeswitch-users >> http://www.freeswitch.org >> >> >> > > _______________________________________________ > FreeSWITCH-users mailing list > FreeSWITCH-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org > http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/listinfo/freeswitch-users > UNSUBSCRIBE:http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/options/freeswitch-users > http://www.freeswitch.org > > --附转发的邮件-- From: achaloyan(a)yahoo.com To: freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org Date: Sun, 22 Nov 2009 11:36:59 -0800 Subject: Re: [Freeswitch-users] need help !! Problem with freeswitch & uniMRCP Mike, upgrade UniMRCP to http://code.google.com/p/unimrcp/source/detail?r=1297 and remove that #if from mod_unimrcp. API is backward compatible now src/mod/asr_tts/mod_unimrcp/mod_unimrcp.c =================================================================== --- src/mod/asr_tts/mod_unimrcp/mod_unimrcp.c (revision 15605) +++ src/mod/asr_tts/mod_unimrcp/mod_unimrcp.c (working copy) @@ -3510,11 +3510,7 @@ } /* Set up the media engine that will be shared with all profiles */ -#if UNI_VERSION_AT_LEAST(0,8,0) - media_engine = mpf_engine_create(1, pool); -#else media_engine = mpf_engine_create(pool); -#endif if (media_engine) { mrcp_client_media_engine_register(client, media_engine, "MediaEngine"); } Arsen From: Arsen Chaloyan <achaloyan(a)yahoo.com> To: freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org Sent: Sun, November 22, 2009 11:03:36 PM Subject: Re: [Freeswitch-users] need help !! Problem with freeswitch & uniMRCP Mike, >Jira is the best, otherwise just mail me the patch and I'll take a look. I've uploaded the patch against svn trunk to http://jira.freeswitch.org/browse/MODUNIMRCP-6 it's made for win32 debug only yet. >Can you take a look at my last patch to the module to make it build please. I see. I've not noticed this change introduces API change, makes no sense to me now. I'll provide more convenient solution soon. Arsen. From: Michael Jerris <mike(a)jerris.com> To: "freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org" <freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org> Sent: Sun, November 22, 2009 10:20:17 PM Subject: Re: [Freeswitch-users] need help !! Problem with freeswitch & uniMRCP Jira is the best, otherwise just mail me the patch and I'll take a look. Also, I just synced lib up to current trunk. Can you take a look at my last patch to the module to make it build please. Mike On Nov 22, 2009, at 1:02 PM, Arsen Chaloyan <achaloyan(a)yahoo.com> wrote: We discussed build integration related issues a few months ago with Mike and seemed to find a solution which would work for both UniMRCP and FreeSWITCH source trees. Now I've just got a chance to look into this a bit closer trying to further complete VS2008 build integration in FreeSWITCH. So I've got it working, the module is not only being built, but also is getting loaded. Current build integration is not as seamless as I want it to be, but probably we can start with what we have now and then discuss and identify what can be done in the future. This concerns not only build integration but overall integrity. So would you be interested in the patch? Where should I upload it? I thought I had a Jira account, but not sure it exists any more. -- Arsen Chaloyan The author of UniMRCP http://www.unimrcp.org From: Jeff Lenk <jlenk(a)frontiernet.net> To: freeswitch-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org Sent: Fri, November 20, 2009 7:59:28 PM Subject: Re: [Freeswitch-users] need help !! Problem with freeswitch & uniMRCP That module is not currently being built for Windows. Also the library unimrcp needs build integration work with FS to make that happen under windows. ss1 wrote: > > Hi Everyone, > > Please help freeswitch experts... !!! > > i have been working on freeswitch from last 2 days. i have downloaded > freeswitch and unimrcp (server + client) for windows. > I tested the unimrcp client and server, which is running fine with the > command: run synth and run recog. I got both synth.pcm & recog.pcm files. > > But my objective is to call Freeswitch through x-lite, where freeswitch > should call unimrcp client and return the PCM files. > > I tried it alot, but unable to do it. after lots of reading i found that i > do not have mod_unimrcp. i do not know from where to download it and how > to merge it into freeswitch. > > I would be very thankful if you may help. > > Thanks, > ss > > -- View this message in context: http://n2.nabble.com/need-help-Problem-with-freeswitch-uniMRCP-tp4031590p40… Sent from the freeswitch-users mailing list archive at Nabble.com. _______________________________________________ FreeSWITCH-users mailing list FreeSWITCH-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/listinfo/freeswitch-users UNSUBSCRIBE:http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/options/freeswitch-users http://www.freeswitch.org _______________________________________________ FreeSWITCH-users mailing list FreeSWITCH-users(a)lists.freeswitch.org http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/listinfo/freeswitch-users UNSUBSCRIBE:http://lists.freeswitch.org/mailman/options/freeswitch-users http://www.freeswitch.org 搜索本应是快乐的，不是么? 快乐搜索，有问必应！微软隆重推出! 立即试用！ _________________________________________________________________ MSN十年回馈，每位用户可免费获得价值25元的卡巴斯基反病毒软件2010激活码，快来领取！ http://kaba.msn.com.cn/?k=1

2 2

Re: [Freeswitch-users] mod_flite sound profiles
by Brian West 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

You pay top dollar for it. The free stuff just isn't as good as what you PAY good money for. I don't expect that to change anytime soon. /b On Nov 20, 2009, at 5:18 PM, Malay Thakershi wrote: > Also, can someone tell me what is the best way to get TTS going with > good quality?

2 1

Media got stuck after attended transfer...
by Klaus Hochlehnert 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

Hi, sometimes I have the problem that after doing an attended transfer the media got stuck in FS. Meaning the call goes through, but I don't hear anything and the caller still hears music. Now I found out that setting the sofia parameter media-option=resume-media-on-hold helps here. But after setting this parameter I always get the error "Codec PROXY PASS-THROUGH encoder error!" when using t38modem with proxy_media=true. So I stuck here. I can either use fax or do attended transfers. Does anyone have a solution for this? Thanks, Klaus

6 10

Problems with sighup and rotating csv files
by katarina djakovic 23 Nov '09

23 Nov '09

Hi, I am using the Freeswitch 1.0.4pre7. Great application, but I encountered a problem wich I can not solve since I am very new to it. Two things are happening. 1) The mod_cdr_csv.c (line 122 do_rotate()) does not always respond to sighup signal to rotate the cdr-csv files. Some times it happens and some times it does not. I can not see any pattern in the behaviour. Seems that sometimes functions in the mod_cdr_csv.c catch the signal and some times they do not. 2) Playing with the "kill -HUP fspid" all of a sudden I started getting two freeswitch processes in the process list. One being parent of another. Then, when I send the sighup signal to the parent - the console dies off and the other freeswitch process stays (leaving the comment "Hangup" in the fsconsole). Freeswitch conitnues to work with the remaining process. In case when I send the sighup to the child, it will rotate the log files. However, it always rotates the freeswitch.log, but randomly rotates the cdr-csv files. 3) I have a feeling that above behaviours are somehow connected, but do not understand how. Anyone can help? Any comment or idea will be very very much apreciated. Cheers, Katarina Windows Live: Make it easier for your friends to see what you’re up to on Facebook. _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live: Friends get your Flickr, Yelp, and Digg updates when they e-mail you. http://www.microsoft.com/middleeast/windows/windowslive/see-it-in-action/so…

2 1