I couldn't get the gateway to work with register=false. I took the hint from Brian and scraped the gateway idea and put this in my dialplan.
<extension name="gateway">
<condition field="destination_number" expression="^(\d{10})$">
<action application="set" data="effective_caller_id_number=${outbound_caller_id_number}"/>
<action application="set" data="effective_caller_id_name=${outbound_caller_id_name}"/>
</condition>
</extension>