"Real" music has frequencies much higher than most human voice, but that's not going to help you, because the frequency range of the telephone network, at least in North America, is about 300 to 3400 Hz. We don't realize the missing frequencies because we're all so used to hearing poor quality sound from telephones, that our brains automatically fill in the missing frequencies.
Unfortunately for you, you still get that same low quality frequency range when hearing music over the telephone, so there isn't an easy way to tell music from speech.
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Steve